Women who had undergone an abortion experienced an 81% increased risk of mental health problems, and nearly 10% of the incidence of mental health problems was shown to be attributable to abortion. The strongest subgroup estimates of increased risk occurred when abortion was compared with term pregnancy and when the outcomes pertained to substance use and suicidal behaviour. (Coleman, 2011)

The odds of female infertility factor also increased 0.94 times for an increase in the number of abortions (95% CI = 0.30-0.94). The findings of the present research also showed that the odds of female infertility increased by 0.94 for each abortion (P = 0.004), this is consistent with the findings of the study by Cong et al (3). In another study, a history of induced abortion was associated with worse IVF outcomes, especially a history of more than 2 surgical abortions (19)  Overall, the causes of female infertility in the present study accounted for the highest infertility rate. Factors including woman’s level of education, age, the age at marriage, number of abortions, alcohol consumption, underlying disease, and BMI were significantly correlated with female factor infertility.  (Moridi et al., 2019)

One would assume that these studies were done so long after legalization that the stigma of abortion that might contribute to undeneporting would have waned. Henriet and Kaminski did sensitivity analyses of non- differential undeneporting of previous induced abortion in women experiencing a preterm birth and found that their risk estimates were stable even with undeneporting rates of 50%.  (Henriet & Kaminski, 2001)

An Italian case control study (n=559) showed a strong association between induced abortion and ectopic pregnancy (OR=2.9, CI=1.6, 5.3).  (Parazzini et al., 1995)

Women with prior induced abortion had a relative risk of placenta praevia of 1.7 (Ananth et al., 1997)

Repeated induced abortions in the women’s physiological history are very dangerous and could lead to developing uterine cancer. The carcinogenic risk for uterus carcinoma is directly proportional to the increased number of the repeated induced abortions. (Stoicescu et al., 2017)

Rue and Speckhard (1992; Speckhard & Rue, 1992) posited that the traumatic experience of abortion can lead to serious mental health problems, for which they coined the term postabortion syndrome (PAS). They conceptualized PAS as a specific form of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) comparable to the symptoms experienced by Vietnam veterans, including symptoms of trauma, such as flashbacks and denial, and symptoms such as depression, grief, anger, shame, survivor guilt, and substance abuse. (Major et al., 2009. p.866)